EMS Care EMT Chapter: 24-MCIT-F3-2125 | Hematologic Emergencies  starts with an introduction to this important topic. Blood disorders can cause severe complications, including hypoxia, shock and uncontrolled bleeding. While definitive care for hematologic conditions often happens at the hospital EMTs play a crucial role in early recognition, symptom management, and rapid transport. This chapter deals with understanding the basics, and  prehospital interventions. The lessons covered are

• Lesson 1: Introduction To Hematologic Emergencies
• Lesson 2: Sickle Cell Disease and Crisis
• Lesson 3: Clotting Disorders – Part 1
• Lesson 4: Clotting Disorders – Part 2
• Lesson 5:  Special Populations & Circumstances

 

Excerpt from EMS Care EMT Chapter: 24-MCIT-F3-2125 | Hematologic Emergencies

A thorough physical exam can reveal crucial details about blood disorders, but you need to know exactly what to look for and where to find it.

Start with the skin. Fresh bruises tell one story, but unusual bruising patterns or bruises of different ages tell another. Those tiny red dots called petechiae often appear first on the chest and under the arms. They might mean your patient has a platelet problem.

Check mucous membranes – pale gums or conjunctiva might reveal anemia. Inspect joints for swelling or tenderness, which often signals bleeding disorders, especially in hemophilia.

Track vital signs closely. Early shock can be sneaky – a 10-15% blood loss might only show a slight increase in heart rate. Blood pressure often stays normal until the patient loses 30% of their volume. A drop in pressure means you’re already behind.

Remember, these signs connect directly to specific conditions – documenting them helps determine where your patient needs to go and what care they’ll need.